Rare-earth metal
Rare Earths Reserves by Country
Reported reserves and 2025 production by country, from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries.
USGS reports a country-level figure for 16 countries on rare earths, with Australia holding the largest reported reserve. The full ranking, including countries with a reported production figure but no separate reserve number, is below.
Countries reporting
16
Largest reported holder
Australia
6,300,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi
Data vintage
2025
USGS MCS 2026
Top Reserve Holders
Rare Earths Reserves — Full Ranking
Reserve figures never sum across countries into a page-level total shown here — units and reporting bases vary by commodity; see each row's own unit. Percentages are exactly as reported by USGS, not recalculated.
| # | Country | Reserve | Global Reserve Share | 2025 Production | Global Production Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
 Australia
|
6,300,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 29,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 7.44% |
| 2 |
 China
|
4,000,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 270,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 69.23% |
| 3 |
 Russia
|
3,800,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 2,600 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 0.67% |
| 4 |
 Vietnam
|
3,500,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 12,150 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 3.12% |
| 5 |
 United States
|
1,900,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 51,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 13.08% |
| 6 |
 Greenland
|
1,500,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | Not reported | Not calculated |
| 7 |
 Brazil
|
1,000,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 2,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 0.51% |
| 8 |
 Tanzania
|
890,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | Not reported | Not calculated |
| 9 |
 South Africa
|
860,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | Not reported | Not calculated |
| 10 |
 Canada
|
830,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | Not reported | Not calculated |
| 11 |
 Malaysia
|
710,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 12,110 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 3.11% |
| 12 |
 India
|
14 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | Not calculated | 2,900 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 0.74% |
| 13 |
 Burma
|
Not reported | Not calculated | 22,000 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 5.64% |
| 14 |
 Madagascar
|
Not reported | Not calculated | 122,700 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 31.46% |
| 15 |
 Nigeria
|
Not reported | Not calculated | 1,500 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 0.38% |
| 16 |
 Thailand
|
Not reported | Not calculated | 124,800 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 32.00% |
| — | Other | Not reported | Not calculated | 550 metric tons (rare-earth-oxide (REO) equi | 0.14% |
