Browse All Industries

The industry that extracts minerals and ores from the earth, the first stage of the supply chain for every metal this site tracks, from bulk commodities like iron ore to specialty critical minerals like neodymium and gallium.

The industry that fabricates gold and silver ornaments for personal adornment and investment; in India its retail counters reprice daily off the domestic bullion market, with 22-carat and 18-carat rates derived as a fixed fraction of the 24-carat benchmark.

The industry that produces battery cells and packs for electric vehicles, grid storage and consumer electronics, for which lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide are the primary cathode-material inputs.

The industry managing financial assets and portfolios on behalf of investors and institutions, including central bank reserve management, for whom gold serves as a hedge against currency and geopolitical risk.

The industry that designs and builds buildings, roads and infrastructure — a major consumer of steel, aluminium, copper and cement, and one of the more price-sensitive end markets for industrial metals.

The industry building and operating the physical servers, networking and power systems underpinning cloud computing and AI workloads, an emerging consumer of platinum group metals through hard-disk-drive and other hardware components.

The industry manufacturing vehicles; palladium is a primary catalytic converter metal for gasoline and hybrid engines, accounting for the large majority of global palladium demand.

Chip manufacturing, which relies on a surprisingly wide basket of specialty metals — indium and gallium for compound semiconductors, tantalum for capacitors, tin for solder — well beyond the copper and silicon most people associate with the industry.

The industry supplying military equipment, systems and materials to national armed forces; a major consumer of specialty and critical minerals including rare earth elements, titanium and tungsten for applications ranging from magnets to armor.

Vehicles powered by electric motors and onboard batteries rather than internal combustion engines; the single largest source of global demand for lithium, cobalt, nickel and other battery-grade metals.

The sector building grid-scale and behind-the-meter battery systems that store electricity for later use, spanning utility-owned projects, commercial backup power and residential battery packs.

The industry generating electricity through nuclear fission, requiring uranium as its primary fuel input; India is targeting 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047.

The industry designing and manufacturing aircraft and spacecraft, reliant on high-performance alloys such as scandium-aluminium for structural and heat-resistant components.

The multi-stage process of converting bauxite ore into alumina and then into refined aluminium metal; output disruptions at major alumina refineries ripple through the entire global aluminium supply chain.

The industry that manufactures raw and specialty chemical compounds, including battery materials, catalysts and flame retardants, used across manufacturing, energy and consumer goods.

Phones, laptops and the wider category of personal devices — a major end market for tin, indium and rare-earth metals used in circuit boards, displays and batteries.

The industrial process of converting copper concentrate into blister or refined cathode copper through high-temperature processing; capacity outages at major smelters directly tighten global refined copper supply.

Facilities housing the servers and computing infrastructure behind cloud computing and AI workloads, increasingly reliant on battery-based backup power as electricity demand from AI scales up.

The industry building battery-electric and hybrid vehicles, which use roughly four times more copper per vehicle than a comparable internal-combustion model for wiring, motors and battery systems.

The industry that produces wiring, cabling, transformers and related components; one of copper's largest end-uses given the metal's electrical conductivity.

The process of coating steel or iron with a protective layer of zinc to prevent corrosion; the single largest end-use for zinc worldwide, consuming roughly half of global demand.

Public and large-scale private works — power grids, transport, water systems — that draw heavily on copper, aluminium and steel, and tend to track government capital spending more than consumer demand.

Solar, wind and other non-fossil-fuel power generation — a fast-growing source of demand for copper, silver, aluminium and rare-earth metals used in panels, turbines and grid equipment.

The industry manufacturing ornamental and household silver goods, a major source of physical silver demand in India that is directly exposed to swings in the dollar silver price.

The industry producing solar panels and cells, which uses silver paste as a key conductive input and is a growing source of industrial silver demand worldwide.

The industry that produces iron-and-carbon alloy from raw ore for construction, automotive, and manufacturing use; iron ore is its primary raw material input.