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Ornamental gold items such as necklaces, bangles and rings, fabricated in India mainly at 22-karat and 24-karat purity and priced daily off the domestic bullion market.

The refined, roughly 99.99%-pure form of copper produced at smelters and refineries, the standard unit traded on exchanges like the LME and COMEX and the base material for wire and cable manufacturing.

A white, water-soluble lithium salt refined from spodumene or lepidolite ore, used directly as a cathode-material precursor in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) EV batteries and as the feedstock for other lithium chemicals.

Copper drawn into wire form, the primary material used in electrical wiring, power transmission cables, and the cabling required inside data centers and EV drivetrains.

The raw mined rock that gets smelted into iron and steel — priced and traded well upstream of the finished metal, and the single largest input cost for steelmaking.

A processed, upgraded form of spodumene ore with a higher lithium-oxide content, produced at a mine site and shipped to chemical converters that refine it into battery-grade lithium carbonate or hydroxide.

A processed, partially refined form of zinc ore produced by crushing and floating raw ore at a mine site, later shipped to a smelter for final refining into metal.

The standard refined form of zinc metal, typically 99.995% pure (Special High Grade), cast into blocks for shipment and used as feedstock for galvanizing and alloy production.

The intermediate white powder refined from bauxite ore and smelted into aluminium metal; alumina refinery output is a key supply bottleneck for the global aluminium industry.

Aluminium that's been pressed into sheets, coils or foil rather than cast or extruded — the form used for beverage cans, vehicle body panels and construction cladding.

Flat-rolled aluminium, thicker than foil and thinner than plate, used across construction, automotive body panels and packaging.

A processed, upgraded form of chromite ore with most of the waste rock removed, used as feedstock for producing ferrochrome, the key ingredient in stainless steel.

The unrefined, powdery product of crushing and flotation at a copper mine, roughly 20-30% copper by weight, that still needs smelting and refining before it becomes cathode.

Continuous-cast copper in rod form, the raw feedstock drawn down into copper wire for electrical cabling — one of the most direct links between the copper price and the wiring inside a building.

Refined gold in bar or ingot form, typically 99.5% purity or higher, the standard form in which central banks and institutional investors hold gold as a reserve asset rather than for retail jewellery or coin use.

Iron reduced from ore using renewable electricity or green hydrogen instead of coal, aimed at cutting the carbon emissions of conventional blast-furnace steelmaking.

Refined indium cast into ingots, the tradeable form of a metal used mainly in indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings for touchscreens and solar panels.

Finely crushed iron ore, under roughly 6mm, that must be sintered or pelletized before a blast furnace can use it — the largest single form of iron ore in global seaborne trade.

Coarse, naturally sized iron ore, roughly 6-31mm, that can be charged directly into a blast furnace without further processing — usually priced at a premium to fines.

A processed, partially refined form of lead ore produced at a mine site, later shipped to a smelter for final refining into refined lead metal.

A refined lithium chemical preferred for high-nickel NMC and NCA battery cathodes, typically commanding pricing distinct from lithium carbonate and more closely tied to premium, longer-range EV battery demand.

Tin-based solder alloy formulated specifically for attaching components to printed circuit boards — a direct link between tin demand and electronics manufacturing.

Investment-grade silver cast into bars or coins at (typically) 999 fineness — the physical form held by investors and central banks, distinct from silver used in industrial applications like electronics and solar cells.

An unrefined alloy of silver, often with traces of gold, poured directly from a mine's own processing plant and later shipped to a refinery for final purification into bullion.

A hard-rock lithium ore concentrate, mined primarily in Australia, that is shipped to chemical converters (mainly in China) and refined into battery-grade lithium carbonate or hydroxide.

Refined tin cast into ingots, the tradeable form of a metal whose largest end use by far is solder for electronics.

Also known as yellowcake, the processed uranium oxide concentrate produced at a mine or mill that is later converted and enriched into nuclear reactor fuel.